E-learning material
The e-learning material entitled Necessities for your paper is primarily intended for BA students who are still familiarising themselves with the thesis writing requirements and have yet to begin writing their thesis. However, we hope that other students, such as those in MA or specialist postgraduate programs, will also find it useful.
At the beginning of each lesson, we have indicated the following:
- the objective of the chapter;
- the learning requirements to be met;
- the estimated time required for learning;
- key concepts (a list of concepts necessary for learning and understanding).
The separate modules cover larger topics and are suitable for independent learning. Practical examples, linked guides, and online games – that can be used as short knowledge tests – can help to process the material.
The first two modules (Library Use, Scholarly Literature Sources, and Ctrl C – Ctrl V – References, Plagiarism) and the linked guides provide the basic knowledge for completing the library module of the mandatory SZEMTANK course in Moodle.
The additional modules (basic writing skills, topic search, use of AI tools, text similarity check, etc.) provide assistance to complete your studies successfully.
The course material is available on the Library’s website, and its content is continuously being developed and expanded. Help us improve it. We welcome your feedback, additions, and suggestions at kepzes@uni-corvinus.hu.
In addition to this learning material, we continue to hold training sessions in both semesters, integrated into courses or as separate events. Keep an eye on our website and newsletters.
Have a successful study!
University Library
Writing Center working group
1st module: Library usage – scholarly literature sources
The goal of the lesson is to get to know the basic information about the use of the Corvinus Library, and the scholarly sources it offers.
Requirements:
You have finished this lesson successfully, if:
- you are aware of the basic services of the Library (opening hours, enrolment, borrowing, remote access, etiquette)
- you know what scholarly sources we offer and how to use them effectively;
- you have some information about the external scholarly sources;
- got knowledge about the different search techniques;
Time needed: to complete the lesson, you’ll need approximately 50 minutes.
Keywords:
- enrolment, borrowing; remote access, consultation rooms;
- scholarly sources, search engines, catalogue, databases;
- research techniques, Boolean (logical) operators.
Library visit – basic information
To visit the library, borrow books, and use other functions, you need a library card. Library membership is automatically granted to you until the end of your studies at Corvinus. Library card is free of charge. Take care of it, as you will have to pay for a replacement if you lose it. You can obtain the card during your first visit; present it upon entry.
The library is open on weekdays and Saturdays from morning until evening. Please check the website for exact opening hours. These may vary around public holidays and school breaks, so always check before planning your visit. The operating hours of the service point, when you can actually meet a librarian, are shorter and concentrated on weekdays.
Some of our reading rooms are designated quiet zones, where you should not make noise or talk to others; please use the loud zones for this purpose. Turn off your phone in the reading rooms. If you need to make a call, walk to the corridor in front of the elevators.
For project work, book a consultation room through our website.
Do not eat in the library, bring your drink in a bottle, or in a cup with a lid. There are water dispensers on the 1st and 3rd floors where you can refill them. Leave your large bags and coats in the bag storage (locker) on the ground floor. When you leave the library, do not leave your stuff unattended; we cannot take responsibility for it.
Scholarly sources
In the university, you must use reliable academic sources for any paper you submit. To achieve this, it is essential to recognise the different document types and decide whether they can be considered academic. Try the games below to see how well you know.
Game
Click on the following games and test your knowledge.
General search engines
Wikipedia: a starting point for an overview of a topic.
Never cite a Wikipedia article in an academic paper. Check the references below the entry; they will help you explore the topic.
Google: use it to search for news and view companies’ and organisations’ websites.
Google Scholar (GS): as its name suggests, Google Scholar searches academic sources, but it also finds predatory publications. Predatory publications are not peer-reviewed before publication, so you don’t know if the content is correct. For lesser-known authors and publishers, it is worth carrying out a source evaluation. For more information, see the Source evaluation module.
In GS, you can set the full-text content subscribed to by the Corvinus Library to be displayed. To achieve this, follow these steps:
- GS Settings
- Library links, search for Corvinus,
tick and save.
After deleting cookies, set it up again. Subscribed content will also appear using the VPN.
Library and external resources
Library resources contain only reliable academic documents. You can use three searching interfaces, depending on whether you want a specific document or topic. Clicking on the small icon next to the search box will also gives you this hint.
1. Figure – Search boxes on the webpage of the Library of Corvinus University of Budapest
OPAC – Open Public Access Catalogue
The OPAC mainly contains the library’s physical holdings (printed books and periodicals), but there are also a small number of electronic periodicals. If a printed book has an electronic version, this is also indicated in the OPAC.
A record in the OPAC tells you how many copies of a given title are available, its location (Reading room and shelf), borrowability and availability. We have books in a closed storage area, they are also borrowable.
The loan period is 2 or 4 weeks, depending on the book, and only those books are borrowable that have a white stripe on the spine, even together with a yellow one. If you only find a yellow, that book can be used only on site. 8 books can be borrowed at a time; use the self-check in/out machines to take them away. Loan renewal is possible 3 times if there are no reservations on the title.
To make reservations, renew your books remotely or request them from the stacks log in to the catalogue. To use these advanced functions, you need your Library card and your Neptun ID.
For information on renewals, reservations, overdue fines, and lost book replacement, please visit this page.
Journals and E-book search platform
In the Journals and Ebooks search, you can find full-text electronic journals and e-books and the bibliographic data of print journals. Use it when looking for a specific online journal, an article, an electronic book, or a chapter. You can also access these remotely using VPN. Always start your search with the title of the journal or the e-book.
Once you have found the journal/e-book you are looking for, under Full Text access you can check its full-text availability (database, period) e.g.:
2. Figure – result list in the e-journal search platform
Szuperkereső
A Szuperkeresőt témakeresésre javasoljuk. Egyszerre kereshetsz a katalógusban, a szakirodalmat tartalmazó előfizetett és ingyenes adatbázisokban. Főként angol nyelvű szakirodalmat tartalmaz. A keresést finomíthatod több kulcsszó megadásával, logikai operátorokkal és egyéb keresési technikákkal, mezőre szűkítéssel. A releváns dokumentumokat elmentheted.
Pénzügyi, statisztikai adatokat tartalmazó adatbázisok (pl. Refinitiv, Statista), ill. jogi források (pl. Jogtár) nincsenek benne a Szuperkeresőben, ezeket nézd meg külön az adatbázisoknál a tematikus listában. További információért nézd meg az Adatbázisok-részt.
Így tudsz hatékonyan keresni a Szuperkeresőben:
- fogalmazd meg a tételmondatot (a téma legfontosabb kulcsszavait tartalmazó mondat)
- keresd ki a kulcsszavakat, keress hozzájuk szinonimákat
- kombináld a kulcsszavakat logikai operátorokkal, alkalmazz egyéb keresési technikákat
- szűkíts mezőre, javasoljuk az absztrakt használatát: ha egy kulcsszó ott megjelenik, biztos, hogy releváns lesz a találat
- mentsd el a találatokat a My Dashboard-ra, esetleg azonnal egy hivatkozáskezelő szoftverbe. Bővebben lsd. a Ctrl C – Ctrl V – modul, Hivatkozáskezelő szoftverek – bekezdését.
Videó
Játék
Kattints az alábbi játékra és teszteld a tudásod!
Search tips for advanced users
There are additional filtering options in All filters (SuperSearch), such as language filtering or suggested subjects.
The difference between a subject and a keyword is that a keyword can be anything, while a subject is a predefined, more precise, narrower term, usually added to the document by experts.
If you get stuck in a search, try the snowball method: find an article among the results that is relevant and look at its references. This way, you may come across older articles, but you can at least get started with your search.
Repositories
The repositories are a collection of publications produced at the University of Corvinus. We have five different repos, collectively called the Corviversum.
One contains Corvinus research papers, another TDKs and MA/BA theses, while the 3rd one PhD dissertations. In addition, we have two historical repositories, one for university history and the other for the digital collection of Hungarian economic history.
If you are looking for a thesis topic, see previous theses written in the same field to get inspiration, or use their references as a starting point, to avoid writing on a topic that has been written about before. You can also check the repository of lecturers’ publications to see who is researching the field you are interested in. Later on, it can help you choose a supervisor.
Databases
In our databases, you will find authentic, reliable sources, no predatory journals, and you do not need to do source evaluation. Most of them are searchable in one or both search interfaces (Journal/E-book and SuperSearch), look for the symbols next to their names in the list:
Searchable in SuperSearch:
Package content is available in Ebooks and Journals:
If you need statistical, financial or legal data, the thematic breakdown, under the alphabetical list, can help. All our databases can be accessed remotely using VPN.
EduID access also works for some databases, and some require an individual account (e.g. Workspace, Orbis). For content and non-standard access information, see the description of each database.
EconBiz
EconBiz is the online platform of the Leibniz Information Centre of Economics (ZBW). Due to a contract between Corvinus and ZBW, you can access ZBW’s OA collection through their platform. It offers millions of online sources in the field of economics and related sciences. Their collection is available through their platform, from the database list or from SuperSearch’ Supplemental materials.
Their activity goes beyond offering online publications, their main aim is knowledge transfer. For more information, check their homepage.
Game
Click on the following game to test your knowledge.
Search techniques
A keresési technikák alkalmazása segíti a téma szűkítését, pontosítását. Alapvető technika a logikai operátorok használata, a kifejezéskeresés és a csonkolás.
Három alapvető logikai operátor van:
- AND: szűkíti a találatokat, csak azt jeleníti meg találatként, ahol mindkét kifejezés egyszerre van jelen: unemployment AND India
- OR: bővíti a találatokat. Bármelyik kifejezés megjelenése esetén ad találatot: UK OR United Kingdom
- NOT: Kizárja azokat a találatokat, amelyek az operátor mögött helyezkednek el: pl. Car NOT Honda
Game
Click on the following games to test your knowledge.
Other search techniques:
- Phrase search: searches for related terms together using quotation marks, e.g. “ethnic minority”
- Truncation: replaces characters to increase the number of hits. In SuperSearch, two types can be used: ? Replaces one character while * replaces 1-5 characters. Example:
- econo* – the result is economy, economics, economic etc.
- wom?n: woman, women
Their use is not limited to SuperSearch; they also work in other databases.
Game
Click on the following games to test your knowledge.
Search query from an abstract – 1
Remote access
You can access the library’s electronic resources even if the library is closed or you are not on campus. Access options:
- VPN: download the VPN client and log in to the Corvinus network before you start browsing
- EduID: browse your institution’s database provider (e.g. Emerald) and log in with CUSMAN. It does not require downloading any client before browsing, but it can be used only with some databases.
- Some databases require a personal account, e.g, Orbis, Refinitiv. For more information, see the database list.
Do not mix the two authentication methods, VPN and EduID, use either one of them or the other.
2nd module: Ctrl C – Ctrl V – References, plagiarism
The aim of the lesson: to familiarise users with the content and formal requirements of correct citation and referencing.
Requirements:
You have completed this lesson if:
- you know what references and plagiarism are, and you are aware of when to use references;
- you know the formal and content requirements of referencing;
- you know what paraphrasing and in-text referencing are;
- you can compile a list of references;
- you are familiar with the APA citation style and know how to use it.
Time required: you will need approximately 40 minutes to complete this lesson.
Key terms:
- reference, direct quotation, paraphrase;
- in-text citations (narrative and parenthetical), reference list;
- APA citation style;
- plagiarism, reference management software.
~~~OOO~~~
Basic knowledge
A reference is when you include other people’s ideas in your paper, either verbatim or as a paraphrase, indicating the original source.
All written work must clearly show which ideas are the author’s own and which have been taken from others.
The sources cited must be clearly identifiable: in-text citations and the reference list, which contains more detailed information, support this issue. All external sources must be cited, whether they are text, figures, diagrams, etc., but not commonly known facts (e.g. paprika contains vitamin C).
Why to cite sources?
- it indicates your knowledge about the subject, showing that you have found relevant authors and works on the topic and that you are reflecting on them;
- it supports your ideas and thoughts;
- it makes the literature you have used traceable for others;
- you can avoid ethical misconduct and plagiarism.
Game
Click on the game below to test your knowledge.
Types of references
There are two basic ways to cite sources: direct quotation and paraphrasing (quoting the content). In both cases, you must provide the source of the quoted text.
Direct quotations can be used when quoting definitions, apt phrases, legal provisions or interview excerpts. Do not quote more than 2-3 sentences verbatim; the APA standard sets this limit at 40 words.[1]
Example
Some hints for direct quotations:
- If you omit something from the quoted text, mark it with three dots in square brackets, but be careful not to distort the original chain of thought.
“Be prepared to spend [at least] half a day in the […] library.”
- If the quotation does not begin at the beginning of the original sentence, place three dots after the quotation marks and begin the text in lowercase letters.
“…based on the survey, two-thirds of the population is affected.”
- If you modify a definition, figure or table, indicate this by adding “based on” or “using” after the reference.
Figure X: Figure title, (other data) based on own editing
- In the case of oral communication, the name of the interviewed person must also be indicated, unless requested otherwise. Avoid using unverifiable references too often. For more tips, see our guide on referencing interviews.
The formal elements of a verbatim reference are quotation marks in the text and the mandatory information (author’s surname, year, page number).
“An in-text citation is a short acknowledgement you include whenever you quote or take information from a source in academic writing. It points the reader to the source so they can see where you got your information” (Jackson, 2005, p. 16).
Paraphrase: A paraphrase is a concise summary of a longer text in your own words. In the case of a paraphrase, the source data of the work referred to must be given in the same way as in the case of a direct quotation.
The formal elements of a paraphrase are the author’s surname and the year of publication.
Example
Original text:
“What is the role of digital media in contentious politics? On the one hand, digital media plays a central role in informing the public and organizing political movements. On the other hand, it has become a valuable tool for digital repression in authoritarian states. This study concentrates on the patterns of digital media use by pro-government actors in times of nationwide protests in autocracies. It analyzes how pro-government actors establish control over political discourse and information flow online compared to pro-opposition and neutral actors.”
The work cited: Richmond, S. (2018). Broadcasting Messages via Telegram. Political Communication, 41(4), 509–530.
Paraphrase from the original text:
This study examines the role of digital media in contentious politics, focusing on pro-government actors’ use during nationwide protests in autocracies and analyzing how they control political discourse and information flow compared to neutral actors (Richmond, 2018).
[1] We follow the APA standard in the examples.
Where to cite?
You must cite your sources in two places in the text: in the body of the text (in-text citations) and in the reference list. Anything you cite in the body of the text must appear in the reference list, and vice versa: anything included in the reference list must be cited in the main text.
In-text citations
An in-text citation is only an allusion. When referencing, make it clear where the statement you are supporting begins and ends. There are two types of in-text references: parenthetical and narrative references.
- Parenthetical references: they come at the end of the quotation, indicate the author’s surname, the year and, in the case of a verbatim quotation, the page number in parentheses.
Example
“Heavy social media use can be linked to depression and other mental disorders in adolescents” (Taylor, 2021, p. 43).
- In the case of narrative references, the reference is embedded in the text, and the elements of the reference are separated. The author and the year are included in the text, followed by the page number (in the case of a direct quotation) at the end of the sentence.
Example
Taylor (2021) found that “heavy social media use can be linked to depression and other mental disorders in adolescents” (p. 43).
The reference list
The reference list is a list of works that you refer to verbatim or as a paraphrase in the main text of your thesis.
Although the reference list is placed at the end of the thesis, reviewers usually read it first. This allows them to see whether you have found the most important works on the topic and how well-informed you are on the subject.
The basic formal features of a reference list are as follows:
- there is no numbering,
- it starts on a new page,
- works are listed alphabetically by the author’s surname; if there is no author or editor, use the title.
See this guide for examples of how to use in-text citations and the reference list in a continuous text.
Citation styles, citation standards
The citation style determines the mandatory elements of a citation and their format.
There are different standards for different fields. In the social sciences (including economics), the APA style is widely used, while in legal studies the Oxford, in the humanities the Chicago, and in literature and the arts the MLA-style.
At Corvinus, the recommended and widely used standard is APA. You can find useful information on referencing document types on the APA website, and the latest version of their manual, Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: The official guide to APA style. This manual is available in the Social Sciences Reading Room in print.
Mandatory data elements by APA standard
We only list here the most common document types; further examples can be found on the APA website and in our detailed guide entitled References by document type
Book
Author’s surname, initials of first name. (Publication year).Title (Edition). Publisher.
Kornai, J. (1982). A hiány (2nd ed.). Közgazdasági és Jogi Könyvkiadó.
It is recommended to include the edition in parentheses after the title.
In the reference list, use a comma between authors’ names and & in front of the last author.
If the book is edited, i.e. contains several essays, indicate it has an editor, e.g., Kesharwani, P. (Ed.).
If an e-book has a DOI, it should be placed after the publisher.
Book chapter
Author’s surname, initials of first name. (Publication year). Chapter title. In Editor’s surname, initials of first name. (Eds.), Book title (pp. page number from-to). Publisher.
Lengyel, Gy., & Vicsek, L. (2004). Individual and social components of insecurity. In Kolosi, T., Tóth, I. Gy., & Vukovich Gy. (Eds.), Social report (pp. 484-499). TÁRKI.
References should be made only to chapters of edited books; otherwise, cite it as a whole book.
If the e-book chapter does not have a page number, omit it from the reference.
If the chapter has a DOI, add it after the name of the publisher in the reference list.
Journal article
Author’s surname, initials of first name. (Publication year). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), page number from-to. DOI or URL
Middleton, J. (2011). The test of time: Neuropsychological approaches to children: Towards a developmental neuropsychology. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(2), 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104511404364
If the journal article has an article number instead of a page number, use the word “Article” and add the article number. e.g: PLoS ONE, 13(3), Article e0193972.
If the journal does not use a volume, issue and/or article or page number, omit the missing element(s) from the reference.
Game
Click on the game below to test your knowledge.
Other tips
Below, we share some additional information on the topic of managing references.
List of references, bibliography
There are different types of document lists required for a paper, but their content may vary. Pay attention to which one is required for your paper.
- List of references (synonyms: Citation list, Reference list): all works you have referred to in your paper.
- Bibliography: a systematic list of references that includes comprehensive literature relevant to the work.
Game
Click on the game below to test your knowledge.
Cross-reference (or secondary source reference)
A cross-reference is when you refer to a work that is cited in another work without reading the original one. In such cases, both works should be referenced in the text, e.g. (Rabbitt, 1982, cited in Lyon et al., 2014), but only the source you have actually read should be listed in the reference list.
Avoid using them whenever possible; only use them if you do not have access to the original work or if you do not understand the original language, etc.
Footnote
Unlike other styles (e.g. Oxford style for legal sources), APA style does not place references in footnotes, but within the text itself as mentioned above. Footnotes should be used to provide additional information or explanations that interrupt the main chain of thought in the text.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is when you present someone else’s work as your own work.
According to the BCE Code of Ethics:
“Plagiarism is committed by anyone who uses external sources in his/her work while failing to comply with professional expectations and rules or to use correct references.” (BCE Code of Ethics, 2011.)
The following may constitute plagiarism:
- copying someone else’s text without citing it,
- incorrect or incomplete referencing, even if unintentional,
- false paraphrasing (replace words with synonyms),
- patchwork-writing: copy-paste texts from separate works to create your paper; this is problematic even if you cite all external sources,
- if you have your paper written by someone else but submit it as your own,
- you resubmit your own work without any changes to another course/university,
- using your own previous work without citing (self-plagiarism).
For further information (severity of plagiarism, sanctions), please refer to the following university regulations and guidelines:
Game
Click on the game to test your knowledge.
Do you have any questions?